Medicare vs. Medicaid – WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

Medicare and Medicaid. Both are government programs, both relate to healthcare, both are in the news much of the time…and both begin with the letter M.

It’s easy enough then to confuse the two programs. But that’s the extent of the similarities. For the most part, each program provides benefits to a different segment of the population, though there can be overlap between the two under certain circumstances.

For the most part, Medicare is a health insurance program, but one provided by the US federal government. Throughout your life you pay into the system through payroll taxes that are split between you and your employer, and when you are eligible for benefits, you will also pay a monthly premium — a relatively small one — for participating in the medical services and prescription drug portions of the program.

If you have paid payroll taxes into the program for at least 40 quarters (10 years), you will not be required to pay premiums for the hospital portion of the plan. But if you have paid in for less, there is a sliding scale on premiums, and they can be substantial.

And just as is the case with most other health insurance plans, you will have co-payments and deductibles that you will pay for medical services.

The program is primarily for people who are 65 years old and older, but it also extends to younger people who are deemed to be disabled.

Medicaid is a healthcare assistance program. It is also a government program, but one in which funding for the plan is shared between the

GDP vs. GNP – WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

If you spend much time listening to politicians or watching financial news programs on TV or on the internet, you’ve undoubtedly heard the terms “GDP”

and “GNP”. The terms come up in discussions of the economy or big picture financial matters, and sometimes seem interchangeable. But what are GDP and GNP, and what is the difference between the two?

Both represent an attempt to measure the total economic output of a nation during a given period (usually one year), and serve as barometers to measure both the level and direction of a country’s economic activity.

GDP, or Gross Domestic Product is calculated either by measuring all income earned within a country, or by measuring all expenditures within the country, which should approximately be the same.GNP, or Gross National Product uses GDP, but adds income from foreign sources, less income paid to foreign citizens and entities.

GNP can be either higher or lower than GDP, depending on whether or not a country has a positive or negative result from net foreign inflows and outgo. Though GNP is still calculated, the United States shifted to GDP as its primary economic measure in 1991, in part because most countries in the world use GDP to measure the size and direction of their economies. As a result, GNP numbers are less common than GDP figures.

Both GDP and GNP are complicated, and best summarized in a side-by-side comparison:

A measure of the total economy of a nation Measuring all income earned within a country, or by measuring all expenditures within the country, which should approximately match GDP, plus income from foreign sources, less income paid to foreign citizens and

C Corporation vs S Corporation – WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

Now we see the difference of C corporation and S corporation.

C Corporations, or “C Corps” as they’re commonly known, are the primary format of publicly held companies. Their shares can be easily bought and sold on public stock exchanges since there is no limit on the number of shareholders they can have. In addition, unlike S Corporations, C Corp shareholders are not limited to natural persons (can be corporations or partnerships), nor is there a requirement that they be US residents or citizens.

C Corp status enables a business to function as a separate legal entity, able to enter into contracts, borrow money, hire employees and perform all other business functions without personal guarantees from its shareholders. This separation enables shareholders to participate in the company’s profits, but without the potential liability that a sole proprietor or partner would have in the event of liabilities, lawsuits and income tax obligations.

S Corporations, or “S Corps”, are similar to C Corps in that they are owned by shareholders, and provide all the same legal protections from debts, lawsuits and other company liabilities. They can also conduct business as a separate legal entity from their shareholders, including the hiring of employees.

In order to become an S Corp, the business must file IRS Form 2553 (Election by a Small Business Corporation) with the Internal Revenue Service, and meet the following requirements:

The business must first be either a C Corp or a Limited Liability Company (LLC) (which have the option to elect to be taxed as a corporation)The maximum number of shareholders is 100. Shareholders must be natural persons, not partnerships or other corporations. The business must be a domestic corporation, and its shareholders must be

Interest Rate vs APR – WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

What is the difference?

Nearly all loan types come with two interest rates: the actual interest rate and annual percentage rate, or APR. Though the disclosure of both rates is done primarily to help borrowers decide what the true cost of loans are from one lender to another, they often confuse borrowers in the process.

Interest rate is the basic rate charged on a loan. It is sometimes referred to as the “note rate”, mostly by lenders, and will be the interest rate of record in all loan documents.

Your loan payments will be based on the total amount of the loan, multiplied by the interest rate, plus loan principal repayment (based on the required loan amortization).

APR is the effective rate on a loan, after subtracting required loan fees from the face amount of the loan. Unless the loan involves no required closing costs, the APR will always be higher than the actual interest rate.

APR is a rate that government regulators require lenders to disclose to prospective borrowers. Since lender fees can vary widely from one lender to

S Corporation vs. LLC – WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

Hi ,,,,Many businesses – small ones in particular – make the decision to seek some type of legal and liability protections, as well as special tax treatment. This is typically done through adopting a business organization form that will effectively separate the business owner(s) from the business itself. In doing so, the obligations and liabilities of the business become the responsibility of the business entity, and not its owners.

Two prominent forms of ownership are corporations and limited liability companies (LLC’s). Each will provide the needed liability protection as well as certain income tax advantages. Corporation status is generally more formal in its structure and can be better suited to large, established businesses. LLC’s, being less rigid, tend to work better for newer and smaller businesses.

(NOTE: This discussion will limit consideration of Sub-chapter S corporations (“S corporations”) in order to minimize an already complex comparison.)

S Corporations are distinct legal entities created under state law. They enable business owners to separate themselves, legally and financially, from the business itself. This provides a strong level of protection for owners from creditors and lawsuits seeking financial compensation from

Solution Manual Financial Accounting 3e IFRS Edition

Good morning all. Here I provide a solution manual (answer key) financial accounting, 3e IFRS edition.

Financial Accounting, 3e 

IFRS Edition

You can download directly By Clik the Botton  Bellow

1. Chapter 1 Accounting in Action
2. Chapter 2 The Recording Process
3. Chapter 3 Adjusting the Accounts
4. Chapter 4 Completing the Accounting Cycle
5. Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations
6. Chapter 6 Inventories
7. Chapter 7 Fraud, Internal Control, and Cash
8. Chapter 8 Accounting for Receivables
9. Chapter 9 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets
10. Chapter 10 Liabilities
11. Chapter 11 Corporations: Organization, Share Transactions, Dividends, and Retained Earnings
12. Chapter 12 Investments
13. Chapter 13 Statement of Cash Flows
14. Chapter 14 Financial Statement Analysis

Solution Manual Financial Accounting, 3e IFRS Edition by Weygandt

ass.
Selamat pagi agan-agan semuanya. disini saya menyediakan solution manual (kunci jawaban)  financial accounting, 3e IFRS Edition

Financial Accounting, 3e IFRS EDITION

Langsung klik aja gan chapter berapa yang mau di download

1. Chapter 1 Accounting in Action
2. Chapter 2 The Recording Process
3. Chapter 3 Adjusting the Accounts
4. Chapter 4 Completing the Accounting Cycle
5. Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations
6. Chapter 6 Inventories
7. Chapter 7 Fraud, Internal Control, and Cash
8. Chapter 8 Accounting for Receivables
9. Chapter 9 Plant Assets, Natural Resources, and Intangible Assets
10. Chapter 10 Liabilities
11. Chapter 11 Corporations: Organization, Share Transactions, Dividends, and Retained Earnings
12. Chapter 12 Investments
13. Chapter 13 Statement of Cash Flows
14. Chapter 14 Financial Statement Analysis

Strange But Real, Bagus Kodok Marrying Fairy

Marriage is not uncommon in Ngawi, East Java. This is not the lovebirds marriage handsome man with a beautiful woman, but a man with a female fairy.

Yes, this is a true story. He is Bagus Kodok Ibnu Sukodok or Bagus Kodok or Eko. The 63-year-old man from Central Java. He married Roro Setyowati , fairy of the forest or in the District of Paron Ketonggo Alas, Ngawi.

Marriage was held in the old house belonging to Bramantyo Prijosusilo "Sekaralas Village residents", District Widodaren, Ngawi, Wednesday (08/10/2014) take the attention of thousands of people. Moreover, the procession of sacred worth and has mystical powers.

Sekaralas village chief, said the organizers of the wedding Sihmanto is Bramantyo. In fact, in advance, Bram had requested police permission to hold the preparation of the wedding procession.

"It is true that this is a wedding. However we will not likely see his future wife," he explained to Surya Online, Tribunnews Network.

Kasmiyanto, a resident, explaining the odd marriage news was quickly spread to most areas of Ngawi. "It does not make sense, but it's real. Gentleman capable of dealing with supernatural beings," he said. (Surya / Sudarmawan)

MIDTERM INDONESIAN ECONOMIC

1. What is structural transformation? Please elaborate the concept and relate it the current condition of Indonesia.

Economic growth occurs continuously can cause changes in the structure of the regional economy. Structural transformation means a process of structural change in the economy from agriculture to industry and services sectors, where each sector will undergo a transformation process that is different.

FACTORS CAUSE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION.
As for some of the factors contributing to the transformation of the economy, namely, the first caused by human nature in their consumption activities. In accordance with the Law of Engels that the higher the income of the people, then the less the proportion of income used to buy agricultural materials, otherwise the proportion of income that is used to purchase goods industrial production becomes larger. Thus the role of the industrial sector will be greater than the agricultural sector. Second, changes in the economic structure caused also by technological changes that take place continuously. Structural transformation process will run faster if there was a shift towards domestic demand pattern of manufacturing industry output amplified by similar changes in the composition of foreign trade or export.

OCCURRENCE OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION.
Sukirno (2006 ) explains that , based on the undertaking of the economic sectors in the Indonesian economy is divided into three main groups :

1. The primary sector , comprising agriculture , livestock , forestry , fisheries , mining and quarrying .
2. Secondary sector, comprising manufacturing, electricity, gas and water, building.
3. Tertiary sector , comprising trade , hotels , restaurants , transport and communications , finance , leasing and business services , other services ( including government ) .

In general, the transformation that occurs in developing countries is the transformation of the agricultural sector to the industrial sector, or the transformation of the primary sector to the primary sector (secondary and tertiary. As seen in the figure below, which is based on the results of the study Chenery and Syrquin that changes sectoral contribution to the formation of regional GDP in the long run will show the following pattern:

Economic Structural Changes in the Process of Economic Development

Source: Tulus Tambunan (2001)

Seen in the Figure that the output of the primary sector contributes to the formation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has narrowed while the share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the secondary and tertiary sectors have increased along with the increase in national income per capita. Thus, economic transformation showed a shift of economic activity from the traditional economy into a modern interconnected economy.

Examples of Structural Transformation
From the beginning we see most of the people who live in rural areas to work as a farmer, but now many who make the shift from rural to urban areas and worked in various manufacturing and service companies.

In economic transformation, there are several stages or economic processes, namely:

• The process of accumulation
  Process of resource utilization in order to increase production capacity in line with the increase of income percapita of a country

Two main indicator is the increase in expenditure per GDP Education and School enrollment ratio increased both enrollment rate of primary, secondary and tertiary.

• The process of allocation 
• the process of distribution
• 
  

2. The ultimate goal of ASEAN is to achieve ASEAN Economic Community in 2015. In relation with labor market, how do you think Indonesia’s labor force will face this challenge? Please give your opinion.

I think Indonesia is not yet ready for labor or labor Indonesia will face problems in dealing with ASEAN COMMUNITY 2015.
Labor issues in the country faces three major problems, namely

• Limited employment opportunities. This is because economic growth has not been able to absorb the labor force into the labor market and the number of unemployed who have been there. 
• Low quality of the labor force. Based on BPS data in August 2013, the low quality of the labor force as indicated by the estimated composition of the labor force, which is mostly down to the elementary school education, which still reached 52 million people, or 46.95 percent. 
• Persistently high levels of unemployment. Based on BPS data, the open unemployment rate in Indonesia in August 2013 reached 6.25 percent in February 2013, an increase of 5.92 per cent recorded in August 2012 and that by 6.14 percent.

3. Please elaborate, how urbanization impact on structural transformation? What is the most important factor of production in this process? (max. 500 words)

Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban. Urbanization due to the increasing needs of rural consumption, but the resources in the village itself is not able to meet the needs of the community. Therefore, much rural society who go to the city. People who had been a farmer in the city they work in the industry, either as workers or others. This process will automatically change the structural transformation in Indonesia. Where the supply of the economy of the agricultural sector declined while of manufacturing sector increased by leaps and bounds. Since most of the farmers in the village have gone to town. And the city they work in sectors manufacture.

People who do the urbanization of the city to be indirect labor inputs for manufacture. So the industry demand for labor can be met. The more labor will increase the production industry. And an increase in auto production workers will get a bigger income as well. So the economic standard of the people could be increasing.



4. Why low and middle income economy usually have bigger gap in income distribution? Please explain

Low and middle income economy usually have bigger gap in income distribution because too many expenses incurred rather than on income is not sufficient to be distributed evenly across the area, causing the distribution of income distribution. The main cause is the lack of proper economic development targets and structural development at the expense of other sectors. The gap also caused by : The middle income have more strong production factor than low income class. And the differentiation of knowledge and information between middle and low income make more significant of GAP.

The Wolfson Postgraduate Scholarships in The humanities (University of sheffield, UK)

The University of Sheffield has been given a substantial grant to enhance postgraduate research, thanks to the Wolfson Foundation, a charity that awards grants to support and promote excellence in the fields of science and medicine, health, education, and the arts and humanities.

Sheffield is one of only nine universities across the UK selected to take part in a pilot funding programme of postgraduate scholarships. Sheffield has been selected due to its track record in research excellence and proven success in attracting promising postgraduate students.

sheffield

The Wolfson Postgraduate Scholarships will be available in the broad subject areas of history, literature and languages. The scholarships will be awarded to outstanding students who demonstrate the potential to make an impact on one of these fields and to be future academic leaders. They will be awarded solely on merit to students aspiring to an academic career.

The Wolfson Postgraduate Scholarships pay:

• Tuition fees
• an annual, tax-free maintenance stipend, currently £15,000
• a Research Training Support Grant (currently £5,500 per year) for study visits, conferences, books, consumables and equipment.

These scholarships fund up to three years full-time or six years part-time study, subject to satisfactory progress. Part-time studentships will be paid at 50% of the full-time rate (i.e. £7500 stipend per year).

Eligibility

• You should have a strong academic record, including a first class or upper second class undergraduate degree and a Masters degree in a field of study relevant to your research (or equivalent qualifications).
• You should be applying to start your first year of study on a full-time or part-time PhD with the University in the 2014-15 academic year (i.e. after 1st August 2014, exact start date to be agreed with your supervisor/ department) on a project which falls into one of the broad categories of history, literature or languages.
• Awards are open to UK, EU and international applicants.

How to apply
Scholarships are awarded on a competitive basis – applications are assessed on the basis of academic success and qualifications, experience, research background, a clear well-articulated research proposal, the potential impact of the research and a good match with supervisor/ departmental expertise.

1. As a first step you should contact an academic department / supervisor to discuss your proposed research project.
2. Apply for admission as a PhD student. Once you have done this you will receive an application/ admissions number (usually within a few working days). You will need this number to apply for a scholarship, so please ensure that you apply in plenty of time before the deadline.
3. Once you have an application number, apply for a scholarship by completing the scholarships application form. This form will be considered alongside the information and supporting documents (transcripts, references etc) that you supplied with your admissions application. You can use this form to apply for various scholarship schemes (University Prize, Faculty, Harry Worthington, Wolfson, ESRC DTC Scholarships) – please complete it once only, ticking the schemes you wish to be considered for.
4. The closing date for Wolfson Postgraduate scholarship applications is Monday 3rd February 2014 at 12 noon. Late applications will not be accepted in any circumstances.
5. Your application will be reviewed by scholarship panels, and you will be informed of the outcome by the end of May 2014.

Further Information
If you have any questions please see our FAQs or email pgr-scholarships@sheffield.ac.uk.